Mortgage: Fixed Rate or Not?

Mortgage: Fixed Rate or Not?
by Adam Ferguson

Many folks across the USA are starting to realize why the interest rates on their home mortgages were lower if they took an ARM loan. The answer is simple. A loan that is fixed for a short period of time (ARM loan) has a much higher level of risk. This means a lower interest rate and lower monthly payments for those willing to take that risk. Many homeowners are now scrambling to find some way to keep their home as these low rates have now adjusted and are no longer low fixed interest rates. These consumers took an adjustable rate mortgage that may have been fixed for as short as one month and as long as 10 years. The risk is not simply related to what future interest rates will be; the risk is whether you will be able to refinance your mortgage at a future date. Many Americans are now starting to understand that risk, which they never even considered.

Self-employed homeowners are now finding out that a stated income loan is basically no longer available. Here is a quick example of a scenario for someone that is currently in a stated income ARM. A small business owner may have taken out an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) and made all of their payments on time for the lower interest rate 7 year fixed period of their loan. This borrower now wants to refinance and can no longer get a loan without providing income documentation and/or qualifying under a full doc scenario. Ouch! This homeowner is now left to make payments on a loan that may have gone from 6.5% to 9.5% or higher. This loan may keep adjusting every 6 months or 1 year and may go as high as 12.5%. The change in payment is dramatic, thus affecting the entire economy for obvious reasons. Does this homeowner now sell their home? Do they ride it out? Do they change the way their income is documented and start paying themselves W-2's so that they can refinance in 2 years? These are tough questions and the answer will be different for everyone. These however are questions that could have been avoided.

Fixed rate mortgages are an ever stable and ever predictable product. It is a lesson that we can learn from our parents or even grandparents. The older generations were slow to act, fiscally conservative, and opted for things that they completely understood, things that did not have unknown future outcomes. The new generations of Americans dabbled in some slightly higher risk endeavors. I think and hope that we as a nation have grabbed the hot stove, and hopefully learned some tough financial lessons. The dot com bubble, Enron, the real estate bubble, all could have been avoided if we understood and listened to the lessons of history and the lessons of older generations.

There is plenty of blame to go around. The bottom line is very simple. Capitalist economies provide products that people will buy. If people do not like a product it goes away. The same applies to mortgages. There was a want for many mortgage products that held a high level of risk for both the consumer as well as the company providing them. Capitalism proves itself again as these loans become less available and guidelines get tougher. Products that prove themselves over time, have demand, and can make a company money will prevail. The fixed loan is the original mortgage in the United States for good reason. It has withstood recessions, booms, and it is still the safe, sensible, and I would argue "right" way to mortgage a loan. Fixed rate or no rate at all is the new calling for homeowners and new home buyers across the USA.